Investigation of diagnostic value of artificial intelligence systems in the diagnosis of breast cancer based on histopathological images using Meta-MUMS DTA tool

ORIGINAL ARTICLES Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health - 2020, Volume 17, Number 2Investigation of diagnostic value of artificial intelligence systems in the diagnosis of breast cancer based on histopathological images using Meta-MUMS DTA toolInvestigation of diagnostic value of artificialintelligence systems in the diagnosis of breastcancer based on histopathological imagesusing Meta-MUMS DTA toolABSTRACTBackground: Various artificial intelligence systems are available for diagnosing breast cancer based onhistopathological images. Assessing the performance of existing methodologies for breast cancer diagnosis is vital.Methods: The SCOPUS database has been searched for studies up to December 15, 2018. We extracted the data,including "true positive," "true negative," "false positive," and "false negative". The pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity,positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, area under the curve of summary receiveroperating characteristic curve were useful in assessing the diagnostic accuracy. Egger's test, Deeks' funnel plot, SVE(Smoothed Variance regression model based on Egger’s test), SVT (Smoothed Variance regression model based onThompson’s method), and trim and fill methodologies were essential tests for publication bias identification.Results: Three studies with eight approaches from thirty-seven articles were found eligible for further analysis. Asensitivity of 0.95, a specificity of 0.78, a PLR of 7525, an NLR of 0.06, a DOR of 88.15, and an AUC of 0.953showed high significant heterogeneity; however, the reason was not the threshold effect. The publication bias wasdetected by SVE, SVT, and trim and fill analysis.Conclusion: The artificial intelligent (AI) systems play a pivotal role in the diagnosis of breast cancer usinghistopathological cell images and are important decision-makers for pathologists. The analyses revealed that theoverall accuracy of AI systems is promising for breast cancer; however, the pooled specificity is lower than pooledsensitivity. Moreover, the approval of the results awaits conducting randomized clinical trials with sufficient dat

A meta-analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate the psychological consequences of COVID-19

Abstract Background Several meta-analysis studies have been reported in the literature on the incidence of psychopathological conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. This investigation aims to compile and analyze the findings of previously published meta-analysis research, as shown by the present meta-analysis of previous meta-analysis studies. Methods The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched from 1 January 2019 to 30 May 2022. The procedure was carried out according to the PRISMA flow chart and the qualities of the identified studies were analyzed using AMSTAR 2. Heterogeneities and risk of bias were assessed using the Meta-MUMS tool. The corresponding results, forest and funnel plots of the psychological consequences of COVID-19 were synthesized. Results Eleven meta-analysis studies were included. Random-effects meta-analysis of anxiety and depression showed (ER = 0.318 p-value < 0.001, ER = 0.295 p-value < 0.001) high heterogeneities (I2 = 99.70%, I2 = 99.75) between studies. Random-effects meta-analyses of sleep difficulties and insomnia were shown (ER = 0.347 p-value < 0.001, ER = 0.265, p-value < 0.001) along with heterogeneities (I2 = 99.89, I2 = 99.64). According to the random meta-analysis of post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (ER = 0.246, p-value = 0.001, ER = 0.223 p-value < 0.001) with heterogeneities (I2 = 99.75, I2 = 99.17). Random-effects meta-analyses of somatic and fear symptoms have been shown (ER = 0.16 p-value < 0.001, ER = 0.41, p-value = 0.089) with high heterogeneities (I2 = 99.62, I2 = 98.63). Random-effects meta-analysis of obsessive–compulsive symptoms and distress (ER = 0.297 p-value = 0.103; ER = 0.428, p-value = 0.013) with high heterogeneity, as I2 = 99.38%. Subgroup analysis of all symptoms and Egger's tests for detecting publication bias were also assessed. Conclusion The data from the current meta-analysis showed different psychological disorders of COVID-19 during the pandemic. Clinicians should be aware of the prevalence with which COVID-19-infected patients experience emotional distress, anxiety, fatigue, and PTSD. About half of the included systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) suffered from poorer methodological quality and increased risk of bias, reducing confidence in the findings. There must be more SRs/MAs and high-quality clinical trials conducted to confirm these findings

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the outcomes of extracorporeal shock wave compared to ureteroscopic lithotripsy for the treatment of ureteral stones

المخلص: أهداف البحث: في هذه المراجعة النظامية والتحليل الشامل، سعى المؤلفون لمعرفة أي من الإجراءات، تفتيت الحصى بالموجات الصدمية خارج الجسم أو تفتيت الحصى بالمنظار البولي، هو الأكثر ملاءمة لعلاج حصى الحالب. طرق البحث: تم إجراء الدراسة الحالية والبحث في قواعد بيانات جوجل سكولار وبوب ميد باستخدام إرشادات بريزما. تم النظر في إجراءات تفتيت الحصى بالموجات الصدمية خارج الجسم مقابل تفتيت الحصى بالمنظار البولي لتحقيق النتائج. قمنا بتقييم مضاعفات كل طريقة، البول الدموي، التمزق، الفشل، إزالة الحصى، توقف الحصى في البداية، وقت العملية، حجم الحصى، الإجراء المساعد، والنتائج الشاملة لتوقف الحصى. تم إجراء التحليل الشامل واختبار التباين وتحليل المجموعة الفرعية والانحدار الميتا وتحليلات الحساسية واختبارات إيجر وإيجر ذو التباين الملساء وتومسون ذو التباين الملساء للكشف عن تحيز النشر لجميع النتائج من الإجراءين.النتائج:حسب عشر دراسات مؤهلة، تم إجراء تحليل شامل لبيانات 1509 مرضى. تم علاج 677 مريضا باستخدام تقنية الصدمات الكهربائية خارج الجسم لتفتيت الحصوات ، وتم علاج الباقي (عدد = 832) باستخدام إجراء تفتيت الحصوات بالمنظار البولي. كانت النتائج على النحو التالي: المضاعفات (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.780 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.269 ، ك = 13.465 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.062، اي2 = 48.011). معدل نسبة الدم في البول (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.782 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.657 ، ك = 19.056 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.001 ، اي2 = 79.01) ، الثقب (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.13 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.003 ، ك = 0.159 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.997 ، اي2 = 0) ، فشل العلاج (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.329 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.369 ، ك = 22.659 ، قيمة الاحتمال <0.001 ، اي2 = 77.934) ، نسبة تفتيت الحصوات (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.699 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.374 ، ك = 24.957 ، قيمة الاحتمال <0.001 ، اي2 = 75.959) ، ونسبة الحصوات الحرة بشكل عام (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.428 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.005 ، ك = 21.462 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.011 ، اي2 = 58.066) ، وزمن العملية الجراحية (الانحراف المعياري الموحد = -29.314 ، قيمة الاحتمال <0.001 ، ك = 827.872 ، قيمة الاحتمال <0.001 ، اي2 = 99.758) ، وحجم الحصوات (الانحراف المعياري الموحد = -0.723 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.04 ، ك = 261.353 ، قيمة الاحتمال <0.001 ، اي2 = 96.939) ، والنسبة المبدئية للحصوات الحرة (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.236 ، قيمة الاحتمال <0.001 ، ك = 7.446 ، قيمة الاحتمال <= 0.059 ، اي2 = 59.712) ، والإجراءات البولية الإضافية (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.996 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.991 ، ك = 0.816 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.665 ، اي2 = 0). الاستنتاجات: أشارت هذه الدراسة إلى أن عمليات تفتيت الحصوات بالموجات الصدمية خارج الجسم وتفتيت الحصوات بالمنظار ضرورية في علاج حصوات الحالب، على الرغم من أن معدل التثقيب أعلى في تفتيت الحصوات بالمنظار مقارنة بإجراءات تفتيت الحصوات بالموجات الصدمية خارج الجسم. في الواقع، تعد المعدلات الإجمالية الخالية من الحصوات أفضل في إجراء تفتيت الحصوات بالمنظار. Abstract: Objectives: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we sought to identify whether extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) or ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) is the most appropriate method for treating ureteral stones. Methods: We identified relevant literature by searching the Google Scholar and PubMed databases in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We focused on the outcomes of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy. For each method, we compared complications, hematuria, perforation, failure, stone clearance, initial stone-free, operating time, stone size, auxiliary procedures, and overall stone-free outcomes. Our analysis involved meta-analysis, heterogeneity testing, subgroup analysis, meta-regression sensitivity analyses, Egger's tests, Smoothed Variance Egger's (SVE) testing, and Smoothed Variance Thomson (SVT) testing. In addition, we detected publication bias for all outcomes related to the two procedures. Results: Based on ten eligible studies, we conducted a meta-analysis on a total of 1509 patients. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was used to treat 677 patients; the remaining 832 patients were treated by the ureteroscopic lithotripsy procedure. Considering the meta-analysis statistical parameters including odds ratio (OR), standardized mean difference (SMD), Q, I2 and their p-values, the overall stone-free, operating time, stone size outcomes were identified with significant OR, SMD, and Q values. The hematuria, failure, and stone clearance outcomes were determined to have significant Q values. The perforation and initial stone free outcomes had significant OR values. And, complications and auxiliary urinary procedures were not significant in terms of OR and Q values. Conclusions: Analysis indicated that ESWL and URSL procedures are essential for the treatment of ureteral stones, even though the perforation rate is higher for URSL than for ESWL. Overall stone-free rates were better for the URSL procedure

Home and Clinical Cardiovascular Care Center (H4C): a Framework for Integrating Body Sensor Networks and QTRU Cryptography System

Quick responds to heart attack patients before arriving to hospital is a very important factor. In this paper, a combined model of Body Sensor Network and Personal Digital Access using QTRU cipher algorithm in Wifi networks is presented to efficiently overcome these life threatening attacks. The algorithm for optimizing the routing paths between sensor nodes and an algorithm for reducing the power consumption are also applied for achieving the best performance by this model. This system is consumes low power and has encrypting and decrypting processes. It also has an efficient routing path in a fast manne